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''The Surprise of a Knight'' is a gay, hardcore pornographic film from the United States. Released probably in 1929, it is notable for being the earliest known American pornographic film to depict exclusively homosexual intercourse.〔Burger, John R. ''One-Handed Histories: The Eroto-Politics of Gay Male Video Pornography''. New York: Harrington Park Press, 1995. ISBN 1-56023-852-6〕 ==Background== The first known motion pictures depicting nude men were made by Eadweard Muybridge in the 1880s and 1890s as part of his studies of human locomotion.〔Williams, Linda. ''Hard Core: Power, Pleasure, and the "Frenzy of the Visible."'' Expanded ed. Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press, 1999. ISBN 0-520-21943-0〕 Hardcore pornographic films (at the time, also called "stag films") first appeared in Europe in 1908. By 1920, the first hardcore homosexual sex acts were depicted in the film ''Le ménage moderne du Madame Butterfly.''〔Waugh, Thomas. ''Hard To Imagine''. New York: Columbia University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-231-09998-3〕〔Slade, Joseph. "Bernard Natan: France's Legendary Pornographer." ''Journal of Film and Video''. 45:2-3 (Summer-Fall 1993).〕 However, like most of the films which came after it, ''Le ménage moderne du Madame Butterfly'' only shows male-male sex acts as deviant, firmly establishes the heterosexuality of the characters, and usually depicts gay sex acts as essentially bisexual (e.g., male-male sexual contact occurs while the men are also having heterosexual intercourse).〔〔 Most historians consider the first genuine American stag film to be ''A Free Ride'', produced and released in 1915.〔Knight, Arthur, and Alpert, Hollis. "The Stag Film." ''Playboy''. November 1967.〕〔Di Lauro, Al and Rabkin, Gerald. ''Dirty Movies: An Illustrated History of the Stag Film, 1915-1970''. New York: Value Proprietary, 1988. ISBN 0-517-24682-1〕 The illegality of hardcore pornographic films in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s means that no producer, performer or other credits for ''The Surprise of a Knight'' are identifiable. However, researchers have dated the film to at least 1929〔Waugh, Thomas. "Homosociality in the Classical American Stag Film: Off-Screen, On-Screen." ''Porn Studies''. Linda Williams, ed. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2004. ISBN 0-8223-3312-0〕 (although earlier estimates placed its production in 1930).〔〔 This makes ''The Surprise of a Knight'' the first known hardcore gay pornographic film in American cinematic history.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Surprise of a Knight」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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